This blog task is assigned by Megha Trivedi Ma'am (Department of English, MKBU).
Trends and Movements

1. Modernism: The Age of Experimentation
1.1 Features of Modernism:
1.1.1 Rejection of Realism – Artists sought new ways to depict reality, using abstraction and symbolic representation.
Focus on Progress and Innovation – New techniques, such as Cubism and Expressionism, transformed art.
1.2 Examples:
Pablo Picasso’s Cubism (Les Demoiselles d’Avignon).
T.S. Eliot’s poetry (The Waste Land).
2. Postmodernism: Breaking the Rules
Postmodernism, emerging after World War II, was a reaction against Modernism’s belief in progress and order. It embraced parody, irony, and playfulness, questioning grand narratives and absolute truths.
2.1 Key Features of Postmodernism:
2.1.1 Intertextuality – Mixing and referencing past works in a playful way.
2.2 Examples:
Andy Warhol’s Pop Art (Campbell’s Soup Cans).
3. Avant-Garde: The Pioneers of the New
The Avant-Garde refers to artists who push the boundaries of creativity and defy convention. They are pioneers who introduce radical, experimental, and controversial ideas.
3.1 Features of Avant-Garde:
3.1.1 Innovation over Tradition – Avant-garde art is always ahead of its time.
3.2 Examples:
Marcel Duchamp’s Readymades (Fountain – a urinal presented as art).
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4. Expressionism: Art from Within
Expressionism was an early 20th-century artistic and cultural movement that emphasized the expression of emotions and subjective experiences rather than realistic representation. It originated in Germany and influenced painting, literature, theatre, film, architecture, and music.
4.1 Features of Expressionism:
4.1.1 Focus on Inner Feelings – Art was used to convey deep emotions and personal turmoil.
4.2 Examples:
Edvard Munch’s Painting (The Scream).
5. Surrealism: The Power of Dreams
Surrealism was an artistic and literary movement that began in the 1920s. It focused on exploring dreams, the subconscious mind, and irrational ideas. Surrealist artists and writers wanted to break free from logic and reality, creating strange and unexpected images or stories.
5.1 Features of Surrealism:
5.1.1 Exploration of the Unconscious – Artists used dream-like imagery and subconscious influences.
5.2 Examples:
Salvador Dalí’s Melting Clocks (The Persistence of Memory).
René Magritte’s Paintings (The Son of Man – a man with an apple covering his face).
André Breton’s Automatic Writing, where thoughts flowed without conscious control.
6. Dada Movement: The Art of Absurdity
Born in 1916 during World War I, Dada was an anti-art movement rejecting logic, reason, and traditional aesthetics. It was a response to the horrors of war, embracing chaos, randomness, and absurdity.
6.1 Features of Dada:
6.1.1 Anti-Art Philosophy – Anything could be art, even nonsense.
6.2 Examples:
Tristan Tzara’s Random Poetry (created by cutting words from newspapers).
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